Prescriptive vs Descriptive: Deciding Between Similar Terms

Are you confused about the difference between prescriptive and descriptive? Do you struggle with using the right word in the right context? Look no further, as we dive into the meanings and usage of these two terms.

Prescriptive and descriptive are two words that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. Prescriptive refers to something that is based on rules or guidelines, while descriptive refers to something that describes or explains a phenomenon.

Prescriptive language is often used in contexts where there are established rules or conventions that must be followed. For example, grammar rules are prescriptive in nature, as they dictate how language should be used in order to be considered “correct.” Prescriptive language can be seen as authoritative or prescriptive, as it sets the standard for what is considered acceptable in a given context.

Descriptive language, on the other hand, is used to describe or explain a phenomenon. It is often used in academic or scientific contexts to describe the results of experiments or observations. Descriptive language is not concerned with whether something is “correct” or not, but rather with accurately describing what is being observed.

Throughout this article, we will explore the differences between prescriptive and descriptive in more detail, and examine how they are used in different contexts.

Define Prescriptive

Prescriptive is a term that describes a set of rules or guidelines that are established to dictate how things should be done. This approach is often used in fields such as medicine, law, and education, where there are established standards that must be followed in order to achieve a desired outcome. In a prescriptive approach, there is typically a clear set of steps that must be taken in order to achieve a particular goal, and deviation from these steps can lead to negative consequences.

For example, in medicine, prescriptive guidelines are used to determine the appropriate course of treatment for a particular condition. These guidelines are based on scientific research and clinical trials, and they are designed to ensure that patients receive the best possible care. Similarly, in education, prescriptive approaches are used to establish standards for student achievement and to guide the development of curricula and instructional materials.

Define Descriptive

Descriptive is a term that describes an approach that focuses on describing phenomena as they exist in the world, rather than prescribing how they should be. This approach is often used in fields such as linguistics, anthropology, and sociology, where the goal is to understand and document the way things are, rather than to change them. In a descriptive approach, there is typically no set of rules or guidelines that must be followed, and there is often a great deal of variation in the way that different individuals or groups approach a particular phenomenon.

For example, in linguistics, descriptive approaches are used to document the way that people actually use language in the real world, rather than prescribing how they should use it. Similarly, in anthropology and sociology, descriptive approaches are used to document the beliefs, practices, and social structures of different cultures, without making judgments about whether they are good or bad.

How To Properly Use The Words In A Sentence

When it comes to writing, it is important to have a good understanding of the difference between prescriptive and descriptive language. Knowing how to use these terms in a sentence can help you communicate more effectively and avoid common writing mistakes.

How To Use Prescriptive In A Sentence

Prescriptive language refers to words or phrases that prescribe or dictate how something should be done. It is often used in instructional or technical writing, where accuracy and precision are important. Here are some examples of how to use prescriptive language in a sentence:

• Follow the prescriptive guidelines to ensure that your document meets the required standards.
• The prescriptive approach to writing focuses on rules and conventions.
• Prescriptive language is often used in legal documents to avoid ambiguity.

How To Use Descriptive In A Sentence

Descriptive language, on the other hand, refers to words or phrases that describe or explain something. It is often used in creative writing, where the goal is to evoke a particular emotion or image in the reader’s mind. Here are some examples of how to use descriptive language in a sentence:

• The author’s use of descriptive language painted a vivid picture of the setting.
• Descriptive language can help to create a more engaging and immersive reading experience.
• The descriptive approach to writing focuses on sensory details and imagery.

It is important to note that prescriptive and descriptive language are not mutually exclusive. In fact, the most effective writing often combines elements of both. By understanding the difference between these two types of language, you can make more informed choices about how to use them in your own writing.

More Examples Of Prescriptive & Descriptive Used In Sentences

Understanding the difference between prescriptive and descriptive language is crucial for effective communication. Here are some examples of how these two types of language can be used in sentences:

Examples Of Using Prescriptive In A Sentence

• You should always brush your teeth twice a day.
• Don’t run in the hallways.
• Use a coaster to prevent water rings on the table.
• Always wear a helmet when riding a bike.
• Follow the recipe exactly to ensure the best results.
• Don’t interrupt others when they are speaking.
• Use your turn signal when changing lanes.
• Always check your work for errors before submitting it.
• Don’t use your phone while driving.
• Be sure to read the instructions before assembling the furniture.

Examples Of Using Descriptive In A Sentence

• The sky was a beautiful shade of pink as the sun set.
• The flowers in the garden were a vibrant mix of colors.
• The ocean was calm and peaceful on a sunny day.
• The aroma of freshly baked bread filled the air.
• The house was decorated with antique furniture and vintage decor.
• The concert was loud and energetic, with the crowd dancing and singing along.
• The painting was a stunning masterpiece, with intricate details and bold colors.
• The city skyline was illuminated by the bright lights of the skyscrapers.
• The forest was dense and lush, with tall trees and a variety of wildlife.
• The dress was a beautiful shade of blue, with delicate lace and a flowing skirt.

Common Mistakes To Avoid

When it comes to prescriptive and descriptive language, many people make the mistake of using the terms interchangeably. However, this is incorrect and can lead to confusion and miscommunication. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

Mistake #1: Using Prescriptive Language When Descriptive Language Is Needed

Prescriptive language is often used to give orders or instructions, while descriptive language is used to describe something objectively. One common mistake is using prescriptive language when descriptive language is needed. For example, saying “You should always do this” is prescriptive, while saying “This is what typically happens” is descriptive. To avoid this mistake, consider the context and purpose of your language before speaking or writing.

Mistake #2: Using Descriptive Language When Prescriptive Language Is Needed

On the other hand, using descriptive language when prescriptive language is needed can also lead to confusion. Prescriptive language is often used in situations where specific actions or behaviors are required, such as in a job or classroom setting. Using descriptive language in these situations can be vague and ineffective. To avoid this mistake, make sure you are using clear and direct language when giving instructions or making requests.

Mistake #3: Assuming One Type Of Language Is Always Better

Some people believe that prescriptive language is always better than descriptive language, or vice versa. However, both types of language have their place and can be effective in different contexts. Prescriptive language can be useful for giving clear instructions and setting expectations, while descriptive language can be useful for providing objective information and analysis. To avoid this mistake, consider the purpose and audience of your language before deciding which type to use.

Tips For Avoiding These Mistakes:

• Consider the context and purpose of your language before speaking or writing
• Use clear and direct language when giving instructions or making requests
• Recognize the value of both prescriptive and descriptive language in different contexts

Context Matters

When it comes to choosing between prescriptive and descriptive, context matters. The decision to use one approach over the other can depend on a variety of factors, including the audience, the purpose of the writing, and the cultural or professional norms of the context in which the writing will be read.

Examples Of Different Contexts

Let’s take a look at some examples of different contexts and how the choice between prescriptive and descriptive might change:

Academic Writing

In academic writing, the choice between prescriptive and descriptive often depends on the discipline. In scientific writing, for example, the focus is on describing the results of experiments and observations in an objective and precise manner, which typically requires a descriptive approach. In contrast, fields such as philosophy or literary criticism may require a more prescriptive approach, as the writer is expected to make arguments and defend specific interpretations of texts.

Business Writing

In the context of business writing, the choice between prescriptive and descriptive can depend on the audience and purpose of the writing. For example, when writing a job description, a prescriptive approach may be necessary in order to clearly outline the specific qualifications and responsibilities required for the position. On the other hand, when writing a sales pitch, a more descriptive approach may be effective in highlighting the benefits and features of a product or service.

Cultural Context

The choice between prescriptive and descriptive can also be influenced by cultural or professional norms. For example, in some cultures, a more prescriptive approach may be expected in formal writing, while a more descriptive approach may be appropriate in informal writing. Similarly, in certain professions, such as law or medicine, a prescriptive approach may be necessary in order to ensure accuracy and avoid ambiguity.

Overall, the choice between prescriptive and descriptive depends on the specific context in which the writing will be read. By considering factors such as audience, purpose, and cultural or professional norms, writers can make informed decisions about which approach to use in order to effectively communicate their message.

Exceptions To The Rules

While prescriptive and descriptive approaches are often used to guide language use, there are instances where the rules may not apply. Here are some exceptions to consider:

1. Creative Writing

In creative writing, authors often take liberties with language use to achieve a desired effect. Prescriptive rules may limit the author’s ability to express themselves creatively. For example, a writer may choose to use non-standard grammar or slang to develop a character’s personality or to create a specific tone.

2. Informal Communication

Informal communication, such as text messages, social media posts, and personal emails, often deviate from prescriptive rules. In these situations, the goal is to communicate quickly and effectively rather than to adhere to strict language standards. For example, abbreviations and acronyms may be used to save time and characters.

3. Regional And Cultural Differences

Language use can vary greatly depending on the region or culture. Prescriptive rules may not be applicable or may even be considered incorrect in certain contexts. For example, the use of double negatives may be considered incorrect in standard English, but it is commonly used in African American Vernacular English (AAVE).

Here are some other examples of regional and cultural differences:

Region/Culture	Example
British English	Use of “colour” instead of “color”
Indian English	Use of “prepone” instead of “bring forward”
Australian English	Use of “arvo” instead of “afternoon”

It is important to consider the context and audience when deciding whether to use prescriptive or descriptive language. While prescriptive rules provide a standard for language use, they may not always be applicable or appropriate in every situation.

Practice Exercises

Now that we have a better understanding of prescriptive and descriptive language, it’s time to put that knowledge into practice. Here are some exercises to help you improve your understanding and use of prescriptive and descriptive in sentences:

Exercise 1: Identifying Prescriptive And Descriptive Language

In this exercise, you will read a sentence and determine if it is prescriptive or descriptive. Write “P” for prescriptive and “D” for descriptive.

Sentence	Prescriptive or Descriptive?
Do not use contractions in formal writing.	P
Many people use contractions in informal writing.	D
The MLA Handbook prescribes specific rules for citing sources.	P
Students often struggle with citing sources correctly.	D

Answer Key:

• Do not use contractions in formal writing. – P
• Many people use contractions in informal writing. – D
• The MLA Handbook prescribes specific rules for citing sources. – P
• Students often struggle with citing sources correctly. – D

Exercise 2: Writing Prescriptive And Descriptive Sentences

In this exercise, you will write a sentence using either prescriptive or descriptive language. Be sure to label your sentence as “P” or “D.”

• Write a prescriptive sentence about how to properly format a research paper.
• Write a descriptive sentence about the different styles of music you enjoy listening to.
• Write a prescriptive sentence about how to properly care for a houseplant.
• Write a descriptive sentence about the colors you see in a sunset.

Answer Key:

• How to properly format a research paper: Use 12-point font, double-spaced, with 1-inch margins. Include a title page and a works cited page. P
• Different styles of music I enjoy listening to include classical, jazz, and rock. D
• How to properly care for a houseplant: Water it once a week, place it in indirect sunlight, and fertilize it every month. P
• The colors I see in a sunset are pink, orange, and purple. D

By practicing these exercises, you will improve your understanding and use of prescriptive and descriptive language in your writing.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the difference between prescriptive and descriptive approaches to language use is crucial for effective communication. Prescriptive rules can provide a helpful framework for clear and concise writing, but they should not be followed blindly without considering the context and purpose of the communication. Descriptive language use, on the other hand, can be more flexible and adaptable to different situations, but it requires a deeper understanding of the nuances of language and how it is used by different groups of people.

Some key takeaways from this article include:

• Prescriptive rules are based on traditional grammar and usage norms, while descriptive rules are based on how language is actually used in practice.
• Prescriptive rules can be helpful for clear and concise writing, but they should not be followed blindly without considering the context and purpose of the communication.
• Descriptive language use requires a deeper understanding of the nuances of language and how it is used by different groups of people.
• Both prescriptive and descriptive approaches have their place in effective communication, and the most successful communicators are able to balance the two.

If you are interested in learning more about grammar and language use, there are many resources available online and in print. Some recommended resources include:

Resource	Description
Merriam-Webster Dictionary	A comprehensive online dictionary and thesaurus that includes definitions, examples, and usage notes.
The Elements of Style by William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White	A classic guide to writing and grammar that provides clear and concise rules for effective communication.
The Chicago Manual of Style	A comprehensive guide to grammar, punctuation, and style that is widely used by editors and writers.
Grammarly	An online writing assistant that provides feedback on grammar, spelling, and style.

By continuing to learn about grammar and language use, you can improve your communication skills and become a more effective writer and speaker.